Sep 30, 2008

Saber global e saber local: tão distantes...


É instigante perceber a tentativa histórica de separação entre o conhecimento racional e o conhecimento simbólico do ser humano. Mais do que uma separação, percebemos a soberba hierarquização dos tipos de conhecimento. O próprio desenvolvimento da ciência, em seu início se estabelece a partir de uma separação entre o homem e a natureza, entre o sujeito e o objeto. Fortalece-se o método experimental, Retira-se um elemento da natureza, levando-o para o laboratório. Prossegue-se daí a fragmentação do conhecimento. Estuda-se as partes, sem levar em consideração o todo. Outro fator foi o processo de excessiva quantificação do conhecimento, como se tudo aquilo que não pudesse ser medido, estivesse fora do mundo científico. E aí está a grande barreira.



Existem elementos do mundo natural, real e concreto que não podem ser medidos. Não tem como eu dizer a alguém que amo essa pessoa dez ou vinte vezes, ou que a admiro 45%. Por isso o saber quantificado não pode se estabelecer como único. Na análise científica sobre um conflito de terras, como medir a importância que o mesmo espaço possui para o indígena e para o minerador? Talvez, para o segundo possamos quantificar, na avaliação do quanto a exploração selvagem da terra lhe renderá em lucros. Porém, em relação ao indígena, jamais se poderá quantificar sua perspectiva. Sua posição em relação a terra é simbólica, ligada a sua religiosidade e aos elementos místicos de seu cotidiano. A sociedade global e dominante não aprendeu a interpretar essa categoria de dados. Gerou-se então o antagonismo entre o saber global e o saber local.



Segundo Morin (2004), “cada civilização possui um pensamento racional, empírico, técnico e, também, um saber simbólico, mitológico, mágico”. O problema é que aprendemos a associar o pensamento racional ao ideal de civilização, como um saber embasado e exclusivamente válido. Já o saber simbólico habita o mundo da ignorância, como algo que não serve aos interesses da quantificação do capital, e que, portanto, deve ser “convertido”. Não conseguimos imaginar que os dois saberes podem se complementar e colaborar entre si, deixando de negar a dimensão holística do ser humano e da própria natureza. Por exemplo, ao invés de gastar milhões de reais em pesquisas medicinais, alguém parou para perguntar a um indígena se ele já possui alguma experiência de cura com os sintomas da doença pesquisada? Certamente não, pois pouco poderia o analfabeto do sistema contribuir conosco. Esse afastamento confirma a necessidade cada vez mais contundente do diálogo entre o saber local e o saber local. Isso passa pelo próprio processo de reelaboração do conhecimento, através da autocrítica. Passa pela quebra do argumento da autoridade.



Bibliografia: MORIN, E. Saberes Globais e Saberes Locais. O olhar transdisciplinar. 5 ed. Rio de Janeiro: Bertrand Brasil, 2004.

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